> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ppn.snovvcra.sh/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ppn.snovvcra.sh/pentest/infrastructure/ad/discovery.md).

# Discovery

Discover domain NetBIOS name:

```
PS > ([ADSI]"LDAP://megacorp.local").dc

PS > $DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
PS > (Get-ADDomain -Server $DomainName).NetBIOSName
```

Discover DCs' FQDN names:

```
PS > nslookup -type=all _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.$env:userdnsdomain

PS > $ldapFilter = "(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))"
PS > $searcher = [ADSISearcher]$ldapFilter
PS > $searcher.FindAll()
PS > $searcher.FindAll() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetDirectoryEntry() }
Or
PS > ([ADSISearcher]"(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))").FindAll() |ForEach-Object { $_.GetDirectoryEntry() }

PS > [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetComputerDomain().DomainControllers.Name

Cmd > nltest /dsgetdc:megacorp.local

PS > $DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
PS > $AllDCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter * -Server $DomainName | Select-Object Hostname,Ipv4address,isglobalcatalog,site,forest,operatingsystem

PS > $AllDCs = (Get-ADForest).GlobalCatalogs

PV3 > Get-DomainController | Select Name,IPAddress
```

Discover global catalog:

```
PS > Get-ADDomainController -Discover -Service "GlobalCatalog"
```

Discover MS Exchnage servers' FQDN names:

* <https://github.com/PyroTek3/PowerShell-AD-Recon/blob/master/Discover-PSMSExchangeServers>

```
PS > Discover-PSMSExchangeServers | Select ServerName,Description | Tee-Object exch.txt
```

Discover MS SQL servers' FQDN names:

* <https://github.com/PyroTek3/PowerShell-AD-Recon/blob/master/Discover-PSMSSQLServers>

```
PS > setspn -T megacorp.local -Q MSSQLSvc/*
PS > Discover-PSMSSQLServers | Select ServerName,Description | Tee-Object mssql.txt
```

## DC IPs

Ask `_ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs`:

```
$ nslookup -type=srv _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.megacorp.local
$ dig -t srv _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.megacorp.local
$ proxychains4 -q dig +tcp +noall +answer -t srv _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.megacorp.local @192.168.1.11
```

Or query one of the DCs directly for forest/domain FQDN to get corresponding DC IP addresses:

```
$ dig @192.168.1.11 megacorp.local
$ dig @192.168.1.11 child.megacorp.local
```

## Subnets

* <https://podalirius.net/en/articles/active-directory-sites-and-subnets-enumeration/>

```
$ cme ldap 192.168.11.1 -d megacorp.local -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -M subnets
```


---

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